China has arguably the world's best transportation infrastructure — the longest high-speed rail network, efficient metro systems in every major city, and ubiquitous ride-hailing. This guide covers everything from booking train tickets to navigating city metros.
High-Speed Trains: China's Crown Jewel
China's HSR network spans 45,000+ km. Key routes: Beijing-Shanghai (4.5h, 555 CNY), Beijing-Xi'an (4.5-6h, 515 CNY), Shanghai-Hangzhou (1h, 73 CNY), Guangzhou-Shenzhen (30min, 80 CNY). Train classes: G (fastest, 300-350 km/h), D (200-250 km/h), K/T/Z (regular/overnight). Seats: second class (2+3), first class (2+2), business (2+1, fully reclining). Book via 12306.cn or Trip.com for English interface.
Metro Systems: Navigating Underground
Every major city has an extensive metro. Beijing: 27 lines, 3-9 CNY. Shanghai: 20 lines, 3-15 CNY. Guangzhou: 16 lines, 2-14 CNY. Pay via Alipay/WeChat QR codes or transport cards. English signage and station machines available. Avoid rush hours (7:30-9:00 AM, 5:30-7:00 PM).
Ride-Hailing and Taxis
Didi Chuxing dominates ride-hailing (acquired Uber China in 2016). The app has English interface. Options: Express (cheapest), Premier (nicer cars), Taxi (metered). Taxi flag-fall: 10-14 CNY for first 3km, then 2.3-2.7 CNY/km. Always have destinations written in Chinese characters. Avoid unlicensed "black taxis" at airports.
Domestic Flights
For longer distances: Beijing-Urumqi (4h vs 30+h train), Shanghai-Kunming (3.5h vs 11h HSR). Major airlines: Air China, China Eastern, China Southern, Hainan Airlines. Book via Trip.com or Ctrip. Arrive 2h early. Expect delays in summer and at busy airports (PEK, PVG). Budget airlines charge for checked bags.
Buses and Long-Distance Coaches
Buses fill gaps where trains do not reach — especially useful for rural areas and national parks. City buses: 1-2 CNY, pay via transport card or Alipay/WeChat QR code. Tourist buses to major attractions depart from central bus stations.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How do I book Chinese train tickets?
Use 12306.cn (English version available) or Trip.com (easier for foreigners, small 15-30 CNY booking fee). Book 15 days in advance for popular routes.
Q: Are Chinese metros easy for foreigners?
Yes — all major city metros have English signage and announcements. Station machines have English interfaces. Navigation apps work offline. The biggest challenge is crowds during rush hour.
Q: Can I use Uber in China?
No — Uber sold its China operations to Didi in 2016. Use Didi Chuxing (English version) or Meituan Dache.